This knol should help its readers to realize the density of the interaction or at least coexistence in time of the great contributors to the human knowledge and quality of life, from the same or different fields of activity, how they followed the foot steps of their predecessors. To provide a fuller historical background, some royal figures and political figures are (soon to be) included too, even some pathological murderous monsters.

To know the best that the human race has offered means to know about the work of the sharpest human minds ever. Ironically, only a tiny percentage even of the educated(?) people know their names, except for the names of those of these intellectual titans who are known for their contribution to physics: Archimedes, Newton, [...]

First Knol Author Meeting was held in Chicago on 4th March 2009.

2000 visitors per day are coming to Knol author portfolios.

NOTE (2010-10-03): This knol has been written on September 22 & 24 of 2008 (but for a couple of minor edits). In the past two years my thinking about the presented problems has much advanced, making this knol obsolete. I’ll still keep it since it may help others as a starting point for their own study of the global i local financial questions.

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Today (2008-Sept) the meaning of money is somewhat vague, which leads to economic problems. Money used to be equivalent to gold, which had its advantages but also disadvantages, so that the gold based monetary system is abandoned. But a system based on a parallel three kind currency: food+shelter+clothes, would be viable. It would prevent both inflation and deflation., i.e. it would contribute toward a stable and prosperous society.

This text discusses:

1. the reasons behind introducing money;
2. industry
3. the value of money;
4. stable n-s-c money system;
5. secure pension;
6. a smooth transition from the present system to n-s-c system
7. a financially productive life plan

More detailed financial economical moments like for instance a comparison of the cost of living alone and living in a financial community of a group of people (say family or close friends), are not touched upon in this text.

       you never know california rains they come and go they tease the thirsty Earth   i am waiting for a rain which will drown the hips of details which will amplify the contour                 wh ©1988

Every known mode of information assumes order: left to right, top-down, earlier-later, etc. In particular, the basic object of computer science, string, assumes order. Is communication or even a world altogether possible without the notion of ordering built into it, without order as one of its physical, primary features? An answer was de facto given a long time ago, by Kazimierz Kuratowski.

Congruences were introduced by Carl Gauss, who presented them in a simple, natural and elegant way in his classic “Disquisitiones Arithmeticae”. In this knol a more modern, algebraic approach is chosen, which helps when one goes beyond the ring of integers Z, while it gives a better understanding of number theory even in the special case of Z.

Dziś niniejszy esej zawiera uwagi o definicji matematyki, z jednej strony jako sztuki myślenia, a z drugiej jako teorii formalnej. Ponadto wspomniany jest podział matematyki na działy, i kłopoty z tym związane. (W planie jest dodanie do niniejszego knola także uwag o (nie)skonczoności, oraz z relacji pomiędzy matematyką i zastosowaniami.)

Euler’s contribution (one of many) Let  p > 2  be a prime (the case of  p=2  is not terribly interesting in the context of the present knol). Thus  p  is odd, and its “smaller half”  h := (p-1)/2 ≥ 1  is an integer. Let  y := z h,  where  z  is an arbitrary integer not [...]

An ever growing dictionary of dabagrams (dabanese ideographs), organized into groups of synonyms. Actually, their pigeon version. The number of real dabagrams (which use true graphics) for each group of synonyms most of the time will differ from the respective number of the pigeon dabagrams, they are not in a one to one correspondence.